Type casting in Python refers to the conversion of one data type to another. Python provides several built-in functions for type casting, allowing you to convert variables from one type to another when necessary. Here are the commonly used type casting functions in Python:

1. int(): Converts a value to an integer data type.

“`python
x = 10.5
y = int(x)
print(y) # Output: 10
“`

2. float(): Converts a value to a floating-point data type.

“`python
x = 10
y = float(x)
print(y) # Output: 10.0
“`

3. str(): Converts a value to a string data type.

“`python
x = 10
y = str(x)
print(y) # Output: ’10’
“`

4. bool(): Converts a value to a boolean data type.

“`python
x = 0
y = bool(x)
print(y) # Output: False
“`

5. list(): Converts a sequence (e.g., tuple, string, set) to a list.

“`python
x = (1, 2, 3)
y = list(x)
print(y) # Output: [1, 2, 3]
“`

6. tuple(): Converts a sequence (e.g., list, string, set) to a tuple.

“`python
x = [1, 2, 3]
y = tuple(x)
print(y) # Output: (1, 2, 3)
“`

7. set(): Converts a sequence (e.g., list, tuple, string) to a set.

“`python
x = [1, 2, 2, 3]
y = set(x)
print(y) # Output: {1, 2, 3}
“`

These type casting functions are handy when you need to convert data from one type to another to perform specific operations or meet certain requirements in your Python programs.