Python SQLite
Python SQLite3 module is used to integrate the SQLite database with Python. It provides a standardized Python DBI API 2.0 and offers a straightforward and simple-to-use interface for interacting with SQLite databases. SQLite is a lightweight, serverless, self-contained, and transactional SQL database engine. The Python SQLite3 module comes bundled with Python starting from version 2.5x, so there’s no need to install it separately.
Introduction
1. Introduction to SQLite in Python: SQLite is a C library that provides a lightweight disk-based database. It doesn’t require a separate server process and allows access to the database using a nonstandard variant of the SQL query language. In Python, SQLite is commonly used for lightweight database applications or for prototyping.
2. Python SQLite – Connecting to Database: To connect to an SQLite database from Python, you need to use the `sqlite3` module, which provides a simple way to establish a connection to the database file. You can specify the database file path when creating the connection object.
3. SQLite Datatypes and its Corresponding Python Types: SQLite has a dynamic type system, which means you can store any value in any column, regardless of the declared datatype. However, SQLite uses the following datatypes to specify the storage class for each value: NULL, INTEGER, REAL, TEXT, and BLOB. Python’s corresponding types for these datatypes are `None`, `int`, `float`, `str`, and `bytes`, respectively.
Python SQLite Queries
1. Python SQLite – Cursor Object: The cursor object in Python SQLite is used to execute SQL queries against the database. It allows you to perform database operations such as executing SQL statements, fetching data from the result sets, and managing transactions.
2. Python SQLite – Create Table: To create a new table in an SQLite database using Python, you need to execute a CREATE TABLE statement using the cursor object. You can specify the table name, column names, and data types for each column in the CREATE TABLE statement.
3. Python SQLite – Insert Data: After creating a table, you can insert data into it using the INSERT INTO statement. You need to specify the table name and column values for each row that you want to insert into the table.
4. Python SQLite – Select Data from Table: To retrieve data from a table in an SQLite database, you can use the SELECT statement. You can specify the columns you want to retrieve and apply conditions using the WHERE clause to filter the rows.
5. Python SQLite – WHERE Clause: The WHERE clause in the SELECT statement allows you to filter rows based on specified conditions. You can use comparison operators such as =, <, >, <=, >=, !=, and logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT in the WHERE clause.
6. Python SQLite – ORDER BY Clause: The ORDER BY clause in the SELECT statement allows you to sort the result set based on one or more columns. You can specify the column name and the sort order (ASC for ascending or DESC for descending) in the ORDER BY clause.
7. Python SQLite – LIMIT Clause: The LIMIT clause in the SELECT statement allows you to limit the number of rows returned by the query. You can specify the maximum number of rows to return after the LIMIT keyword.
8. Python SQLite – JOIN Clause: The JOIN clause in the SELECT statement allows you to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. You can specify the type of join (INNER, LEFT OUTER, RIGHT OUTER, or FULL OUTER) and the join condition in the JOIN clause.
9. Python SQLite – Deleting Data in Table: To delete data from a table in an SQLite database, you can use the DELETE statement. You need to specify the table name and apply conditions using the WHERE clause to filter the rows to be deleted.
10. Python SQLite – DROP Table: To drop (delete) an existing table from an SQLite database, you can use the DROP TABLE statement. You need to specify the table name after the DROP TABLE keywords.
11. Python SQLite – Update Data: To update existing data in a table in an SQLite database, you can use the UPDATE statement. You need to specify the table name, column names, and new values for the columns to be updated, as well as apply conditions using the WHERE clause to filter the rows to be updated.
12. Python SQLite – Update Specific Column: You can update specific columns in a table by specifying the column names and new values in the UPDATE statement. This allows you to modify only the desired columns without affecting other columns in the table.
These are the basic operations you can perform with Python SQLite to interact with SQLite databases and manipulate data. It’s essential to understand these concepts to effectively work with SQLite databases in Python applications.